Composición nutricional de huevos de gallinas ponedoras alimentadas con dietas enriquecidas en ácidos grasos omega 3 y omega 9

Abstract

El huevo es un alimento funcional importante, adquiere relevancia a nivel mundial debido a la alta demanda de proteína animal y el aporte de un elevado valor nutritivo a bajo costo. A su vez existe la posibilidad de modificar la concentración de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados mediante la alimentación con dietas enriquecidas en omega 3 (n3) y omega 6 (n6), y obtener un producto de alta calidad nutricional benéfico para la salud humana. El presente trabajo se llevó a cabo durante el 2019 en la granja Eco Huevos S.A.S, ubicada en Santa Rosa La Pampa. Se evaluó la composición de ácidos grasos en huevos comparando una dieta enriquecida en n3 y omega 9 (n9), con una dieta convencional maíz soja, en 3750 gallinas ponedoras Hy-Line Brown, en un sistema productivo a piso, durante 15 días. Se demostró que el enriquecimiento de dietas con insumos de mayor contenido en ácidos omega 3, 6 y 9 como las semillas de lino, colza y aceite de pescado proporcionan mejoras en el contenido de proteína bruta de las yemas y no agregan mayor valor de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados en la misma. Se destaca la excelente relación omega 6/omega 3 que presentan los huevos medianos y pequeños, obtenidos de gallinas alimentadas con las dietas enriquecidas.

The egg is an important functional food, it acquires great relevance worldwide due to the high demand for animal protein and the fact that it provides high nutritional value at low cost. In turn, there is the possibility of modifying the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids by eating diets enriched in omega 3 (n3) and omega 6 (n6), in order to obtain a product of high nutritional quality beneficial to health. For this reason, the present work was carried out during 2019 at the Eco Huevos SAS farm, located at coordinates 36 ° 37 '13' 'S and 64 ° 17'26'' W, altitude 200 meters above sea level, it was evaluated in laying hens Hy -Line Brown, in a floor production system, the composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids in their eggs comparing a diet enriched in n3 and omega 9 (n9), with a conventional corn soy diet. The establishment had three sheds and a total of 3750 hens of the hybrid line already mentioned, which were given two different diets for 15 days, a common diet and another one with omega 3 and 9 amino acids. On this occasion, it was shown that the enrichment of diets with inputs of higher content in omega 3, 6 and 9 acids such as flax seeds, rapeseed and fish oil provides improvements in the crude protein content of the yolks and does not add greater value of polyunsaturated fatty acids in it. The excellent omega 6 / omega 3 ratio of medium and small eggs, obtained from chickens fed enriched diets, does stand out. At the same time, the hens on the floor had productive behaviors similar to those of hens in cage, but they did not suffer from stress, they had no prolapse, cannibalism and they kept a healthy and clean plumage until the moment of the molt. transcendent to conquer demanding markets in animal care.